El uso desellos mecánicosen recipientes de alta presión es mucho más difícil que en recipientes de media y baja presión, principalmente debido a la alta presión. Si encuentra un gran diámetro y alta temperatura bajo alta presión, será más difícil. A altas temperaturas, el material es propenso a la deformación plástica e incluso a la fluencia, el perno de apriete se aflojará y es fácil que se produzcan fugas. Sin duda, al diseñar la estructura general del recipiente de alta-presión, primero debemos considerar reducir el diámetro del puerto de sellado tanto como sea posible, seleccionar materiales que sean difíciles de aflojar y deformar a la temperatura de diseño y que tengan buena fuerza, y luego seleccione razonablemente una estructura de sellado apropiada, para obtener un sellado confiable. sello.
Tecnología de sellado mecánico para recipientes de alta presión, a partir del principio de sellado y la estructura de sellado, los principios generales son los siguientes:
1.Metal gaskets are generally used, and the specific pressure on the high-pressure sealing surface greatly exceeds the sealing specific pressure of medium and low pressure containers, and non-metallic gasket materials cannot achieve such a large sealing specific pressure. Commonly used metal gaskets for high pressure vessels are annealed aluminum, annealed copper or mild steel with good ductility.
2. Se utilizan sellos de cara estrecha y, a veces, incluso los sellos de cara estrecha se convierten en sellos de contacto de línea.
3. Use presión media tanto como sea posible para lograr sellos de ajuste automático,{0}}porque los sellos de ajuste automático{1} son más confiables y compactos que el sellado forzado.
There are many types of high-pressure seals, which are divided into two categories: forced seals and self-tightening seals according to their working principles. Forced sealing relies on the pre-tightening force of the connector (bolt) to ensure a certain contact pressure between the top cover of the pressure vessel, the sealing element and the end of the cylinder to achieve the purpose of sealing. Self-tightening sealing means that as the operating pressure in the pressure vessel increases, the contact pressure between the sealing element, the top cover, and the end of the cylinder also increases, thereby realizing the sealing effect. The characteristics of self-tightening seals are that the higher the pressure, the greater the pressing force of the sealing elements between the contact surfaces, and the better the sealing performance. When the operating conditions fluctuate, the sealing is still reliable, but the structure is more complicated and the manufacturing is more difficult. Self-tightening seals can also be divided into axial self-tightening seals and radial self-tightening seals according to the deformation of the sealing element.
According to the properties of the sealing material, high-pressure seals can be divided into plastic seals that cause plastic deformation of the sealing element and elastic seals that cause elastic deformation of the sealing element.
At present, the commonly used mechanical seals for pressure vessels include flat gasket seals and Kazari seals; semi-self-tightening seals include double cone seals; self-tightening seals include wedge seals, Wood seals, hollow metal O-ring seals, C-ring seals, B Ring seal, triangular pad seal, octagonal pad seal, flat pad self-tightening seal and rubber O-ring seal, etc.
In the appendix of the national standard for steel pressure vessels in my country, several commonly used mechanical seals structures are recommended based on experience and structural characteristics, which can be reasonably selected in combination with operating conditions during design.
